Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation.[2]
This protein is involved in the misfolding of normal prion proteins in the cell membrane to the infectious prion form.[4]
In 2015 it was reported that the presence of this protein in exosomes in patients' blood is able to detect early pancreatic cancer with absolute specificity and sensitivity.[5] However this conclusion is disputed.[6] and in more recent overviews of potential markers for pancreatic cancer, Glypican 1 is not mentioned.[7][8]
↑Vermeesch JR, Mertens G, David G, Marynen P (Jul 1995). "Assignment of the human glypican gene (GPC1) to 2q35-q37 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 25 (1): 327–9. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80152-C. PMID7774946.
↑Melo SA; et al. "Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer". Nature. 523 (09 July 2015): 177–182. doi:10.1038/nature14581.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
↑John C. Chang and Madappa Kundranda, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(3),667; doi:10.3390/ijms18030667
Further reading
Karthikeyan L; Maurel P; Rauch U; et al. (1992). "Cloning of a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan from brain and identification as the rat form of glypican". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188 (1): 395–401. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)92398-H. PMID1417860.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID8125298.
Suzuki Y; Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K; Maruyama K; et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID9373149.
Gengrinovitch S; Berman B; David G; et al. (1999). "Glypican-1 is a VEGF165 binding proteoglycan that acts as an extracellular chaperone for VEGF165". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (16): 10816–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.16.10816. PMID10196157.
Liang Y; Annan RS; Carr SA; et al. (1999). "Mammalian homologues of the Drosophila slit protein are ligands of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 in brain". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (25): 17885–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17885. PMID10364234.
Ronca F, Andersen JS, Paech V, Margolis RU (2001). "Characterization of Slit protein interactions with glypican-1". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (31): 29141–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100240200. PMID11375980.
Matsuda K; Maruyama H; Guo F; et al. (2001). "Glypican-1 is overexpressed in human breast cancer and modulates the mitogenic effects of multiple heparin-binding growth factors in breast cancer cells". Cancer Res. 61 (14): 5562–9. PMID11454708.
Alvarez K, Fadic R, Brandan E (2002). "Augmented synthesis and differential localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in Duchenne muscular dystrophy". J. Cell. Biochem. 85 (4): 703–13. doi:10.1002/jcb.10184. PMID11968010.
Ding K; Mani K; Cheng F; et al. (2002). "Copper-dependent autocleavage of glypican-1 heparan sulfate by nitric oxide derived from intrinsic nitrosothiols". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 33353–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203383200. PMID12084716.
Belting M; Mani K; Jönsson M; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 is a vehicle for polyamine uptake in mammalian cells: a pivotal role for nitrosothiol-derived nitric oxide". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (47): 47181–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308325200. PMID12972423.
Ota T; Suzuki Y; Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID14702039.
Watanabe N; Araki W; Chui DH; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 as an Abeta binding HSPG in the human brain: its localization in DIG domains and possible roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease". FASEB J. 18 (9): 1013–5. doi:10.1096/fj.03-1040fje. PMID15084524.
Li J; Kleeff J; Kayed H; et al. (2004). "Glypican-1 antisense transfection modulates TGF-beta-dependent signaling in Colo-357 pancreatic cancer cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320 (4): 1148–55. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.063. PMID15249209.
Davies EJ; Blackhall FH; Shanks JH; et al. (2005). "Distribution and clinical significance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in ovarian cancer". Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (15): 5178–86. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0103. PMID15297422.