Macrophage receptor MARCO also known as macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MARCOgene.[1][2][3][4]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the class A scavenger receptor family and is part of the innate antimicrobial immune system. The protein may bind both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria via an extracellular, C-terminal, scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain.[5][6] In addition to short cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains, there is an extracellular spacer domain and a long, extracellular collagenous domain. The protein may form a trimeric molecule by the association of the collagenous domains of three identical polypeptide chains.[4]
Infused, negatively charged, immune-modifying microparticles (IMPs), derived from polystyrene, microdiamonds, or biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, are taken up by inflammatory monocytes, in an opsonin-independent fashion, via MARCO. This results in monocyte sequestration in the spleen through apoptotic cell clearance mechanisms. IMPs may therefore be of therapeutic use in diseases caused or potentiated by inflammatory monocytes.[7]
References
↑Elomaa O, Sankala M, Pikkarainen T, Bergmann U, Tuuttila A, Raatikainen-Ahokas A, Sariola H, Tryggvason K (Mar 1998). "Structure of the human macrophage MARCO receptor and characterization of its bacteria-binding region". J Biol Chem. 273 (8): 4530–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.8.4530. PMID9468508.
↑Kangas M, Brännström A, Elomaa O, Matsuda Y, Eddy R, Shows TB, Tryggvason K (Jul 1999). "Structure and chromosomal localization of the human and murine genes for the macrophage MARCO receptor". Genomics. 58 (1): 82–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5811. PMID10331948.
↑Novakowski KE, Huynh A, Han S, Dorrington MG, Yin C, Tu Z, Pelka P, Whyte P, Guarne A, Sakamoto K, Bowdish DM (2016). "A naturally occurring transcript variant of MARCO reveals the SRCR domain is critical for function". Immunol. Cell. Biol. doi:10.1038/icb.2016.20. PMID26888252.
Elshourbagy NA, Li X, Terrett J, Vanhorn S, Gross MS, Adamou JE, Anderson KM, Webb CL, Lysko PG (2000). "Molecular characterization of a human scavenger receptor, human MARCO". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (3): 919–26. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01077.x. PMID10651831.
Seta N, Granfors K, Sahly H, Kuipers JG, Song YW, Baeten D, Veys EM, Maksymowych W, Märker-Hermann E, Gu J, Huang F, Kirveskari J, Yu DT (2001). "Expression of host defense scavenger receptors in spondylarthropathy". Arthritis Rheum. 44 (4): 931–9. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200104)44:4<931::AID-ANR150>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID11315932.
Brännström A, Sankala M, Tryggvason K, Pikkarainen T (2002). "Arginine residues in domain V have a central role for bacteria-binding activity of macrophage scavenger receptor MARCO". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290 (5): 1462–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6378. PMID11820786.
Sankala M, Brännström A, Schulthess T, Bergmann U, Morgunova E, Engel J, Tryggvason K, Pikkarainen T (2002). "Characterization of recombinant soluble macrophage scavenger receptor MARCO". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 33378–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204494200. PMID12097327.
Mirani M, Elenkov I, Volpi S, Hiroi N, Chrousos GP, Kino T (2002). "HIV-1 protein Vpr suppresses IL-12 production from human monocytes by enhancing glucocorticoid action: potential implications of Vpr coactivator activity for the innate and cellular immunity deficits observed in HIV-1 infection". J. Immunol. 169 (11): 6361–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.11.6361. PMID12444143.
Bin LH, Nielson LD, Liu X, Mason RJ, Shu HB (2003). "Identification of uteroglobin-related protein 1 and macrophage scavenger receptor with collagenous structure as a lung-specific ligand-receptor pair". J. Immunol. 171 (2): 924–30. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.924. PMID12847263.
Arredouani MS, Palecanda A, Koziel H, Huang YC, Imrich A, Sulahian TH, Ning YY, Yang Z, Pikkarainen T, Sankala M, Vargas SO, Takeya M, Tryggvason K, Kobzik L (2005). "MARCO is the major binding receptor for unopsonized particles and bacteria on human alveolar macrophages". J. Immunol. 175 (9): 6058–64. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.9.6058. PMID16237101.