The glycine-N-acyltransferase protein conjugates glycine with acyl-CoA substrates in the mitochondria primarily in liver and kidney. The glycine N-acyltransferase enzyme is involved in the detoxification of a wide range of xenobiotic and endogenousmetabolites. These include benzoic acid, a compound found in fruits and vegetables and used in medicine and foodstuffs as a preservative; salicylic acid, a metabolite of aspirin; and several endogenous metabolites. The diversity is demonstrated by the wide range of acylglycines excreted in the urines of patients with defects of organic acid metabolism. No defect of glycine N-acyltransferase has yet been described, but it has been demonstrated that there is significant inter individual variation in glycine conjugation capacity. Human glycine N-acyltransferase isoform a is a 296 amino acid protein translated from mRNA transcript splice variant 1. It is encoded by exons 2 to 6 of the mRNA transcript.[1]
Molecular weight
The literature reports it to be approximately 30 kDa,[2] or approximately 27 kDa.[3] The predicted size is 33.9 KDa. For the bovine enzyme a range of sizes between approximately 33 kDa and about 36 KDa is reported (Nandi, 1979, Vessey, 1992, van der Westhuizen, 2000). The predicted size of bovine GLYAT based on its sequence (accession number nm: 177486), is 33.9 kDa. This compares well to the experimentally determined sizes[3][4][5]
Webster LT, Siddiqui UA, Lucas SV, et al. (1976). "Identification of separate acyl- CoA:glycine and acyl-CoA:L-glutamine N-acyltransferase activities in mitochondrial fractions from liver of rhesus monkey and man". J. Biol. Chem. 251 (11): 3352–8. PMID931988.
Mawal YR, Qureshi IA (1994). "Purification to homogeneity of mitochondrial acyl coa:glycine n-acyltransferase from human liver". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205 (2): 1373–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2817. PMID7802672.
Mawal YR, Qureshi IA (1995). "An immunodetection method for the quantitation of human acyl CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase in biological samples". Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 34 (3): 595–601. PMID7833837.
Merkler DJ, Merkler KA, Stern W, Fleming FF (1996). "Fatty acid amide biosynthesis: a possible new role for peptidylglycine alpha-amidating enzyme and acyl-coenzyme A: glycine N-acyltransferase". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 330 (2): 430–4. doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0272. PMID8660675.
Mawal Y, Paradis K, Qureshi IA (1997). "Developmental profile of mitochondrial glycine N-acyltransferase in human liver". J. Pediatr. 130 (6): 1003–7. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70293-2. PMID9202629.
