Thymidine kinase 1, soluble (gene name TK1), is a human thymidine kinase.[1]
Two forms of this protein have been identified in animal cells, one in cytosol and one in mitochondria. Activity of the cytosolic enzyme is high in proliferating cells and peaks during the S-phase of the cell cycle; it is very low in resting cells.
Thymidine kinase has been making a growing impact in the cancer research community. It has been found that elevated blood serum levels of TK-1 correlates with metastatic capabilities of the cancer and thereby can be used to detect malignant types of cancer, furthermore TK-1 has been found to show up in blood serum even before clinical symptoms even start to show.[3] This would allow quicker treatment before the cancer becomes too developed. TK-1 has also been found to correlate with the return of breast cancer along with many more types of cancer.[4] TK-1 can be used to detect cancer earlier, determine what stage it is in, and if in remission it can be used to predict another cancer growth event. Attempts to make commercial ELISA tests to test blood serum levels have not been promising.
↑Alegre MM, Robison RA, O'Neill KL (May 2013). "Thymidine Kinase 1: A Universal Marker for Cancer". Cancer and Clinical Oncology. 2 (1). doi:10.5539/cco.v2n1p159.
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