Gastrointestinal perforation x-ray
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]
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Gastrointestinal perforation Microchapters |
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Differentiating gastrointestinal perforation from other diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Gastrointestinal perforation x-ray On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Gastrointestinal perforation x-ray |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Gastrointestinal perforation x-ray |
Overview
Chest imaging
- Findings of chest x-ray in esophageal perforation include:
- Pneumomediastinum
- Ring-around-the-artery sign in cases of pneumomediastinum: gas around pulmonary artery and main branches
- Widening of the mediastinum
- Free air under the diaphragm on upright films
- Pleural effusion
- Abnormal cardiomediastinal contour
Abdominal imaging
- Free gas under the diaphragm is a classic sign of pneumoperitoneum on erect chest.
- Cupola sign is an arcuate lucency over the lower thoracic spine. [98]
- Rigler sign is seen as gas outlines the inner and outer surfaces of the intestine.
- Psoas sign is air in the retroperitoneal space outlining the psoas muscle.
- Urachus sign is air in the preperitoneal space outlining the urachus or umbilical ligaments.
Neck imaging
Signs of perforation on plain neck imaging include:
- Subcutaneous emphysema tracking into the neck
- Anterior displacement of the trachea
- Air in the prevertebral fascial planes on lateral view
