Jaundice physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Physical Examination

• • Physical examination of patients with jaundice is based on underlying disease.
  • Jaundice is seen with a number of disorders: Physical examination of different causes of amenorrhea is as following Appearance of the Patient

  • Hepatomegaly
  • Splenomegaly
  • Palpable gallbladder
  • Signs of chronic liver disease

Vital Signs

• Fever, tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea may be present in viral hepatitis.
• Weight loss, anorexia, muscle atrophy, ascite may be present in cirrhosis.

Skin

• Jaundice is visible in conjunctiva, skin and mucosa when the serum bilirubin level rises above 2 mg/dL.
• Jaundice, palmar erythema, spider angiomata, gynecomastia may be present in viral hepatitis.
• Pallor, bruises, palmar erythema on the thenar and hypothenar eminences, spider angiomata, telangiectasias may be present in cirrhosis.

HEENT

• Thinning of hair on the scalp due to hyperestrogenism, parotid gland enlargement, fetor hepaticus may be present in cirrhosis.

Neck

• Cervical lymphadenopathy may be present in viral hepatitis.

Abdomen

• Hepatomegaly with right upper quadrant tenderness, abdominal distention, abdominal tenderness, splenomegaly, ascites, caput medusae may be present in viral hepatitis.
• Abdominal distension, caput medusa, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites may be present in cirrhosis.

Genitourinary

• Testicular atrophy  may be present in cirrhosis.^[4]

Neurologic

• Altered mental status, encephalopathy may be present in viral hepatitis.

Extremities

• Peripheral edema, dupuytren's contracture may be present in viral hepatitis.