Acute diarrhea primary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sudarshana Datta, MD [2]
Overview
Primary prevention of acute diarrhea includes measures such as counseling in patients and their close contacts. In addition, counseling prior to travel and hand washing using alcohol-based sanitizers are other recommended practices. Hand washing is particularly important for prevention of community-acquired diarrhea outbreaks in cruise ships or institutions.
Primary Prevention
- According to the ACG Clinical Guideline, effective measures for the primary prevention of acute diarrhea include:[1]
- Counseling for diarrhea prevention may be done for patients and their close contacts. Education is also recommended for the following population:
- Immunodeficient individuals
- Pregnant women
- Parents of young children, and the elderly
- Counseling prior to travel to ensure avoidance of high-risk foods
- Hand washing using alcohol-based sanitizers for prevention of community-acquired diarrhea outbreaks in cruise ships or institutions. Hand hygiene is essential in the following cases:
- Before eating
- Before and after handling food
- After handling garbage
- After touching animals or their feces
- After using the toilet
- After changing diapers
- Affected individuals should avoid the following activities:
- Swimming
- Sexual contact when symptomatic
- Additional infection control measures include:
- Use of gloves and gowns
- Appropriate food safety practices to prevent cross-contamination
- Primary prophylaxis:
- Travelers are treated with Bismuth subsalicylates as primary prophylaxis for acute diarrhea
- Use of probiotics is not recommended
- High risk groups may be given antibiotic chemoprophylaxis
- Counseling for diarrhea prevention may be done for patients and their close contacts. Education is also recommended for the following population:
- Vaccines:
- Typhoid vaccines are recommended in addition to hand hygiene: Oral and injectable
- A live attenuated cholera vaccine (single-dose oral vaccine) is recommended for adults 18–64 years of age, travelling to endemic areas.
References
- ↑ Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA (2016). "ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 111 (5): 602–22. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.126. PMID 27068718.