Femoral hernia diagnostic study of choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Overview
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Study of choice:
- Ultrasound is the diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of femoral hernia.
- Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of femoral hernia. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of femoral hernia include:[1]
- Expansion of the intestines with reverse peristalsis
- Fixed masses without peristalsis
- Expansion of a fluid filled bowel
- Intestinal fluid reflux
- Thickening and edema of the intestinal wall
- Slightly echogenic, long strip shaped omentum in the hernia sac
- Color doppler ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of femoral hernia; incarceration by observing the blood supply in the contents of the hernia sac.[1]
- The [name of the investigation] should be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1. 2, 3.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient.
- [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
- [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation.
- Investigations:
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
- Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
The comparison table for diagnostic studies of choice for [disease name]
| Sensitivity | Specificity | |
|---|---|---|
| Test 1 | ✔ | ...% |
| Test 2 | ...% | ✔ |
✔= The best test based on the feature
Diagnostic results
- Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of femoral hernia include:[1]
- Expansion of the intestines with reverse peristalsis
- Fixed masses without peristalsis
- Expansion of a fluid filled bowel
- Intestinal fluid reflux
- Thickening and edema of the intestinal wall
- Slightly echogenic, long strip shaped omentum in the hernia sac
- Color doppler ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of femoral hernia; incarceration by observing the blood supply in the contents of the hernia sac.[1]
Sequence of Diagnostic Studies
The ultrasound should be performed when:
- The patient presented with swelling or lump in the upper thigh as the first step of diagnosis.
Diagnostic Criteria
- There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].