Acute diarrhea causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

Depending on the socioeconomic status of the population, acute diarrhea can be caused by several factors. The most likely causes of acute diarrhea in children is infections gastroenteritis, common organisms are Rota virus, Shigella, Enterotoxigenic E.coli,Campylobacter, less likely acute diarrhea can be a symptom of systemic infections including influenza, Measles. In adults acute diarrhea mycobacterial and parasitic infections, while functional disorders such as malabsorption and inflammatory bowel diseases are less likely causes. In a developed nation, however, the most likely causes of diarrhea are irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes (such as lactose intolerance and celiac disease), and chronic infections (particularly in patients who are immunocompromised).

Causes

Population	Life threatening causes	Common causes	Less common causes
Children	Sepsis: Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS] Salmonella Hemolytic uraemic syndrome (Shiga toxin producing ETEC)	Infectious: Viral: Rota virus Noro virus Bacterial: Shigella species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii) E.coli species ( Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli) Cryptosporidium parvum Vibrio cholerae Non Typhoidal Salmonella: S.typhimurium, S.enterica Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium difficle Protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica Aeromonas	Calcivirus Yersinia enterocolitica Systemic conditions associated with diarrhea: Influenza, measles, dengue fever, human immunodeficiency virus and malaria. Systemic infections associated with diarrhea include pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis,urinary tract infection. Intra abdominal emergencies including appendicitis, Intussusception.
Adults		Ischemic colitis(initial stages) Tropical sprue (initial stages) Infections: Bacterial: Shigella species Non typhoidal Salmonella Clostridium difficile Campylobacter jejuni Escherichia coli : ETEC EPEC EHEC EIEC EAEC Yersinia enterocolitica Vibrio cholera Vibrio parahemolyticus Aeromonas Plesiomonas shigelloides Mycobacterium Avium complex Food poisoning: Staphylococcal aureus Bacillus cereus Clostridium perfringens Viral: Noro virus Rota virus Adeno virus HIV Infection CMV Echo virus Norwalk virus Protozoan: Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia Microsporidia Isospora Medicatons: ACE inhibitors Digoxin Cephalosporins Statins Thiazide diuretics Triptans Lactulose Anti retroviral agents Chemotherapeutic agents Antifungals Magnesium Tumors: VIPoma Organophosphate poisoning Opium withdrawal Short bowel syndrome(initial stages) Radiation enteritis(initial stages)	Listeria monocytogenes Cyclospora cayetanensis Hyperthyroidism Irritable bowel syndrome Lactose intolerance

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

• Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
• Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
• [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

[Disease name] may be caused by:

• [Cause1]
• [Cause2]
• [Cause3]

OR

• [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
• [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of disease name include:

• [Cause1]
• [Cause2]
• [Cause3]

Genetic Causes

• [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

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