Boerhaave syndrome overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Feham Tariq, MD [2]
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Overview
Boerhaave syndrome or Esophageal perforation, is rupture of the esophageal wall. It is an emergency, life-threatening condition.[1] It is most often caused by excessive vomiting in eating disorders such as bulimia although it may rarely occur in extremely forceful coughing or other situations, such as obstruction by food. It can cause pneumomediastinum and/or mediastinitis (air or inflammation of the mediastinum) and sepsis.
This condition was first documented by the 18th-century physician Herman Boerhaave, after whom it is named.[2][3]
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Boerhaave syndrome overview from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
The clinical manifestations of Boerhaave syndrome (BHS) depend on the location of the perforation. Boerhaave syndrome often presents with excruciating retrosternal chest pain due to an intrathoracic esophageal perforation. Boerhaave syndrome classically associated with a history of severe retching and vomiting, however, 25 to 45 percent of patients have no history of vomiting.
Physical Examination
The patient might be in moderate distress with epigastric pain and bleeding. Patients may experience Tachycardia, weak pulse, hypotension, Diaphoresis and fever.
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ Ishikawa Y, Tagami T, Hirashima H, Fukuda R, Moroe Y, Unemoto K (2017). "Endoscopic Treatment of Boerhaave Syndrome Using Polyglycolic Acid Sheets and Fibrin Glue: A Report of Two Cases". J Nippon Med Sch. 84 (5): 241–245. doi:10.1272/jnms.84.241. PMID 29142186.
- ↑ Template:WhoNamedIt
- ↑ H. Boerhaave. Atrocis, nec descripti prius, morbis historia: Secundum medicae artis leges conscripta. Lugduni Batavorum; Ex officine Boutesteniana. 1724.