Acute diarrhea causes
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Acute Diarrhea Microchapters |
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Acute diarrhea causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute diarrhea causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]
Overview
Common causes of acute diarrhea in children are infections. infectious gastroenterits is most commonly caused by Rota virus, Shigella, Enterotoxigenic E.coli ETEC , Cryptosporidium parvum.. Less commonly, acute diarrhea in children can be associated with systemic infections including Influenza, UTI, HIV infection and intra abdominal emergencies including Intususseption and acute appendicitis.
Common causes of acute diarrhea in adults is also Infectious gastroenterits, commonly caused by Noro virus, Salmonella, Shigella, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus. Less commonly acute diarrhea can be a symptom in the initial stages of systemic conditions including Ischemic colitis, Hyperthyroidism, Tropical sprue and with medications including Broad spectrum antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents.
Causes
| Population | Life threatening causes | Common causes | Less common causes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children | Sepsis:
Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS] Salmonella septicemia Hemolytic uraemic syndrome (Shiga toxin producing E. coli ETEC) |
Infectious:
Bacterial:
|
Influenza, measles, dengue fever, human immunodeficiency virus. Systemic infections associated with diarrhea include pneumonia,Otitis media, sepsis,urinary tract infection. Intra abdominal emergencies including appendicitis, Intussusception. |
| Adults |
Infections:
Food poisoning:
Viral:
Protozoan:
Medicatons:
Tumors: VIPoma Organophosphate poisoning Opium withdrawal Short bowel syndrome(initial stages) Radiation enteritis(initial stages) |
Listeria monocytogenes (in immuno compromised)
Hyperthyroidism Irritable bowel syndrome Lactose intolerance | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [3]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [4] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Causes
Viruses
- Adeno virus
- Astro virus
- Calcivirus
- Noro virus
- Rota virus
- CMV
- Norwalk virus
- Influenza virus
- Rubeola virus
- Dengue virus
- Human immunodeficiency virus
Bacterial
- Shigella species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii)
- E.coli species ( Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli)
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- Vibrio cholerae
- Non Typhoidal Salmonella: S.typhimurium, S.enterica
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Clostridium difficle
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS]
- Salmonella septicemia
- Aeromonas
- Hemolytic uraemic syndrome (Shiga toxin producing E. coli ETEC)
- Bacterial:
- Shigella species
- Non typhoidal Salmonella
- Clostridium difficile
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Escherichia coli :
- ETEC
- EPEC
- EHEC
- EIEC
- EAEC
- Clostridium perfringens
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Vibrio cholera
- Vibrio parahemolyticus
- Aeromonas
- Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Mycobacterium Avium complex
- Staphylococcal aureus
- Bacillus cereus
- Clostridium perfringens
- Listeria monocytogenes (in immuno compromised) PROTOZOA
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Giardia lamblia
- Microsporidia
- Isospora Medicatons:
- ACE inhibitors
- Digoxin
- Cephalosporins
- Statins
- Thiazide diuretics
- Triptans
- Lactulose
- Anti retroviral agents
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Antifungals
- Magnesium
- Systemic conditions associated with diarrhea:
Pneumonia
Otitis media
Sepsis
Urinary tract infection
Intra abdominal emergencies including appendicitis, Intussusception.
Hyperthyroidism
Irritable bowel syndrome
Lactose intolerance
Tumors: VIPoma
Organophosphate poisoning
Opium withdrawal
Short bowel syndrome
Radiation enteritis
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
- Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
Common Causes
[Disease name] may be caused by:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
OR
- [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
- [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of disease name include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
Genetic Causes
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
- ↑ Mokomane M, Kasvosve I, de Melo E, Pernica JM, Goldfarb DM (2018). "The global problem of childhood diarrhoeal diseases: emerging strategies in prevention and management". Ther Adv Infect Dis. 5 (1): 29–43. doi:10.1177/2049936117744429. PMC 5761924. PMID 29344358.
- ↑ Chowdhury F, Rahman MA, Begum YA, Khan AI, Faruque AS, Saha NC, Baby NI, Malek MA, Kumar AR, Svennerholm AM, Pietroni M, Cravioto A, Qadri F (2011). "Impact of rapid urbanization on the rates of infection by Vibrio cholerae O1 and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh". PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 5 (4): e999. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000999. PMC 3071362. PMID 21483709.
- ↑ Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, Nasrin D, Farag TH, Panchalingam S, Wu Y, Sow SO, Sur D, Breiman RF, Faruque AS, Zaidi AK, Saha D, Alonso PL, Tamboura B, Sanogo D, Onwuchekwa U, Manna B, Ramamurthy T, Kanungo S, Ochieng JB, Omore R, Oundo JO, Hossain A, Das SK, Ahmed S, Qureshi S, Quadri F, Adegbola RA, Antonio M, Hossain MJ, Akinsola A, Mandomando I, Nhampossa T, Acácio S, Biswas K, O'Reilly CE, Mintz ED, Berkeley LY, Muhsen K, Sommerfelt H, Robins-Browne RM, Levine MM (2013). "Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study". Lancet. 382 (9888): 209–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60844-2. PMID 23680352.
- ↑ Chhabra P, Payne DC, Szilagyi PG, Edwards KM, Staat MA, Shirley SH, Wikswo M, Nix WA, Lu X, Parashar UD, Vinjé J (2013). "Etiology of viral gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age in the United States, 2008-2009". J. Infect. Dis. 208 (5): 790–800. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit254. PMID 23757337.
- ↑ Dennehy PH (2011). "Viral gastroenteritis in children". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 30 (1): 63–4. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3182059102. PMID 21173676.
- ↑ Cohen MB (1991). "Etiology and mechanisms of acute infectious diarrhea in infants in the United States". J. Pediatr. 118 (4 Pt 2): S34–9. PMID 2007955.
- ↑ Pang XL, Honma S, Nakata S, Vesikari T (2000). "Human caliciviruses in acute gastroenteritis of young children in the community". J. Infect. Dis. 181 Suppl 2: S288–94. doi:10.1086/315590. PMID 10804140.