Acute diarrhea risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]
Risk factors
Most common risk factors for Acute diarrhea include:
- Travel:
- Bacteria: Examples: Enterotoxigenic E.coli ETEC, Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella.
- Virus: Examples: Rota virus, Noro virus (Cruise ship diarrhea), Enteric Adenovirus.
- Parasites and Protozoans: Examples: Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium, Giardia.
- Epidemics and Outbreaks:
- bacterial:Shigella, Vibrio cholerae
- VIRAL:Noro virus, Rota virus.
- Protozoan: Example: Cryptosporidium
- Animal contact: Examples: Non typhoidal Salmonella, Campylobacter
- Day care: Common organisms include Noro virus, Rota virus, Enteohemorrhagic E.coli EHEC
- Poor sanitation and crowding
- Food history:
- Consumption of raw or undercooked meats,Fish, Canned foods, Raw eggs,Frozen food (Examples: Salmonella, STEC, Clostridium perfringens, L.monocytogenes)
- Antibiotic use and Hospitalization:
- Clostridium difficile
- Drug side effects
- Ischemic colitis(initially acute then chronic)
- Homosexual men
- Immunosupression: HIV,CMV, Mycobacterium Avium complex, Medications, Transplant recipients.
- Old age