Jaundice epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of jaundice is approximately 40,000 per 100,000 individuals of intensive care unit patients.[1]
Prevalence
- In 2015, the prevalence of cirrhosis was approximately 270 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.
- Currently, approximately seventy percent of cirrhotic individuals are unaware of having liver disease and go undiagnosed.[2]
- The prevalence of cirrhosis is higher in:
- Non-Hispanic blacks
- Individuals below the poverty line
- Mexican Americans
- Areas with high illiteracy rates
- Chronic and heavy alcohol use is responsible for more than half of the cases of cirrhosis in the United States.[2]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The 10 year-mortality rate of cirrhosis is approximately 34- 66 percent, largely dependent on the cause of cirrhosis.[3]
- In 2001, cirrhosis was the tenth leading cause of death among men and the twelfth leading cause of death among women in the United States.[3]
- In 2006, cirrhosis was the twelfth leading cause of all deaths in United States.[3]
Race
- Neonatal jaundice is more common among Asian and mixed Asian/white infants than white infants.[4].
- The prevalence of cirrhosis is higher in:[5]
- Non-Hispanic blacks
- Mexican Americans
- Hispanics with hepatitis C infection
Age
- Hepatocellular jaundice mainly from viral hepatitis commonly affects young patients.[6]
- Cholestatic jaundice mainly from liver cancer, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis commonly affects older patients.[6]
- Cirrhosis is infrequently seen in young adults.
- The incidence of cirrhosis increases with age; the median age at diagnosis of cirrhosis due to alcoholic liver disease is 52 years.[7]
Gender
- Male are more commonly affected by hepatocellular jaundice and liver cancer than female.[6]
- Female are more commonly affected by hemolytic jaundice mainly from cholangiocarcinoma than male.[6]
References
- ↑ Bansal V, Schuchert VD (2006). "Jaundice in the intensive care unit". Surg. Clin. North Am. 86 (6): 1495–502. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2006.09.007. PMID 17116459.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Scaglione S, Kliethermes S, Cao G, Shoham D, Durazo R, Luke A, Volk ML (2015). "The Epidemiology of Cirrhosis in the United States: A Population-based Study". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 49 (8): 690–6. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000208. PMID 25291348.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Anderson RN, Smith BL (2003). "Deaths: leading causes for 2001". Natl Vital Stat Rep. 52 (9): 1–85. PMID 14626726.
- ↑ Setia S, Villaveces A, Dhillon P, Mueller BA (2002). "Neonatal jaundice in Asian, white, and mixed-race infants". Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 156 (3): 276–9. PMID 11876673.
- ↑ Adams LA, Sanderson S, Lindor KD, Angulo P (2005). "The histological course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a longitudinal study of 103 patients with sequential liver biopsies". J. Hepatol. 42 (1): 132–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.09.012. PMID 15629518.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Age and gender analysis of jaundice patients | Yu | The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine".
- ↑ Sajja KC, Mohan DP, Rockey DC (2014). "Age and ethnicity in cirrhosis". J. Investig. Med. 62 (7): 920–6. doi:10.1097/JIM.0000000000000106. PMC 4172494. PMID 25203153.