Sandbox:Amd

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]

Differential diagnosis

Abbreviations: COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

Causes of cyanosis Disease Clinical manifestations/association Diagnosis Comments
Symptoms Signs
Amount Fever Chest pain Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging
Respiratory Airway

disorder

Croup + +
Epiglottitis + − − − − −
Foreign body aspiration + + − − − −
Airway trauma + + + ± − −
Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments
Parenchymal

disorder

Pulmonary embolism − + + − − −
  • ABGs
  • D-dimer
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachycardia
  • Pleuretic chest pain
Pneumonia − − − − − −
  • ABGs
  • Leukocytosis
  • Pancytopenia
  • CXR
  • CT chest
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Shortness of breath
  • Cough
Asthma

(Late)

+ − − − − −
Cystic fibrosis ± ± − − − −
COPD

(Emphysema)

± + +
Empyema ± + − − − Chest X-ray
  • Pleural opacity
  • Localization of effusion
 Physical examination
Disease Fever Weight loss Guarding Lab Findings Imaging Comments
Chest wall disorders Flail chest − ± − − − −
Pneumothorax − ± + − − −
Hemothorax − + + ± − −
Cardiovascular Congenital heart diseases Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments
Atrioventricular canal defect
Epstein anomaly
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Pulmonary atresia
Pulmonic stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
Transposition of the great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
+ + − +
Disease Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments
Heart failure + − − + ± +
Valvular heart disease + − + − − −
Myocardial infarction − − + − − −
Fever Weight loss Lab Findings Imaging Comments
Hematologic Methemoglobinemia
Polycythemia
Central Nervous system
Coma
Cyanotic breath-holding spells
Seizures
Severe head trauma
Miscellaneous Smoke inhalation + + + +
Toxic gases + + + + + ±
Cold exposure + − + − − −
± − − − − −
+ − − ± + +
− − − − − −
− − + + − −
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