Adult bronchiolitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

Common causes of bronchiolitis include inhalational injury, viral, and drug induced, such as, mineral dusts, diacetyl, RSV and busulfan. Less common causes include heart/lung/kidney transplant, rheumatic disease and ulcerative colitis.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Life-threatening causes of adult bronchiolitis include irritant gases such as chlorine and mustard gas.

Common Causes

Adult bronchiolitis may be caused by:

Inhalational injury
- Toxic fumes
- Mineral dusts
- Irritant gases
  - Chlorine, ammonia, mustard gas, welding vapors, paraquat and diacetyl
Post-infectious
- Virus
  - RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
  - Adenovirus
  - Rhinovirus
  - Measles
  - Mumps
  - Varicella zoster
  - CMV (cytomegalovirus)
  - HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
- Other pathogens
  - Bordetella pertussis
  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  - Nocardia
Drug - induced
- Busulfan
- Cocaine
- Gold
- Nimesulide
- Penicillamine
- Papaverine (sauropus androgynus leaf)
- Rituximab
- Sulfasalazine
- Sulfamethoxypyridazine

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of bronchiolitis include:

Organ transplant
- Heart
- Lung
- Kidney
Associated conditions
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Polymyositis
- Dermatomyositis
Rare associated conditions
- ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome)
- Ataxia telangiectasia
- Lysinuric protein intolerance
- Malignant histiocytosis
- Paraneoplastic pemphigus
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Vasculitis
  - Wegener's granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)
  - Churg-strauss syndrome (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis)
Idiopathic
- Cryptogenic bronchiolitis obliterans

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Heart transplant
Chemical/Poisoning	Toxic fumes, mineral dusts, irritant gases; chlorine, ammonia, mustard gas, welding vapors, paraquat, diacetyl
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Sjögren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, paraneoplastic pemphigus
Drug Side Effect	Busulfan, cocaine, gold, nimesulide, penicillamine, papaverine, rituximab, sulfasalazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Primary biliary cholangitis, ulcerative colitis
Genetic	Ataxia telangiectasia
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), adenovirus, rhinovirus, measles, mumps, varicella zoster, CMV (cytomegalovirus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), bordetella pertussis, mycoplasma pneumonia, nocardia
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Lysinuric protein intolerance
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Paraneoplastic pemphigus, malignant histiocytosis
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Toxic fumes, mineral dusts, irritant gases; chlorine, ammonia, mustard gas, welding vapors, paraquat, diacetyl, busulfan, cocaine, gold, nimesulide, penicillamine, papaverine, rituximab, sulfasalazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome), lung transplant
Renal/Electrolyte	Kidney transplant
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Wegener's granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis), churg-strauss syndrome (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis), rheumatoid arthritis, sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, dermatomyositis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Cryptogenic bronchiolitis obliterans

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

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References