Cyanosis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of cyanosis include congenital heart diseases with right to left shunting, respiratory disorders, hemoglobinopathies, and shock.

Common Risk Factors

• Any condition that interferes with oxygen from entering the alveoli or interrupts its movement across the alveolar interface leads to hypoxemia and cyanosis.
  • Decreased inspired oxygen
    • Carbon monoxide exposure
    • Cyanide poisoning
    • Smoke from house fires
  • Upper airway obstruction
    • Foreign body
    • Croup
    • Epiglottitis
    • Bacterial tracheitis
    • Traumatic airway disruption
  • Impairment of chest wall or lung expansion
    • Pneumothorax
    • Hemothorax
    • Flail chest
  • Intrinsic lung diseases
    • Asthma
    • COPD
    • Pneumonia
    • Bronchiolitis
    • Hyaline membrane disease
  • Intracardiac or vascular shunts may cause cyanosis by mixing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
    • Congenital heart diseases
  • Structural or vascular alteration in pulmonary blood flow
    • Pulmonary hypertension
    • Pulmonary edema
    • Pulmonary embolism
  • Cold exposure
  • Alteration of hemoglobin
    • Methemoglobin
    • Sulfhemoglobin
  • Raynaud's phenomenon
  • Polycythemia
  • Shock
  • Altered mental status