Cyanosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Prevalence of congenital heart diseases at birth ranges from 6 to 13 per 1000 live births. [13-19].
- The most common congenital heart defect is a bicuspid aortic valve, with a prevalence between 0.5 and 2 percent, but as an isolated lesion it is rarely diagnosed in infancy. [21-23]
- The next most common defects are ventricular septal defects, prevalence of 4 per 1000 live births and atrial septal defects, prevalence of 2 per 1000 live births. [11,15,24,25].
- Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic CHD (0.5 per 1000 live births). [15,26].
- The incidence of respiratory distress in infants admitted to neonatal units doubled over the last 30 years in a geographically defined neonatal population. Regarding to large study, the overall incidence of respiratory distress is 6.7%.
- Transient tachypnea of newborn was found to be the commonest (42.7%) cause of RD followed by infection (17.0%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10.7%), hyaline membrane disease (9.3%) and birth asphyxia. (3.3%)
- A total of 98 (2.8%) out of 3,454 newborns were admitted due to episodes of cyanosis. Gestational age: 37.8+1.4 weeks, birth weight: 3,145+477 g. Maternal age: 32+4.8 years. Disease was present in 19.4% of mothers; gestational diabetes (8.1%), pregnancy induced hypertension (5.1%), intrahepatic cholestasis (3.1%), and intrauterine growth retardation (3.1%). Gender: 48.8% male, 51.2% female (NS). Birth: caesarean section, 68.4%, and vaginal delivery, 31.6%. Age on admission 1.9+1.4 days. Hospital stay: 4.2+4.2 days. First line tests were performed in 100% of patients with 39.8% fulfilling the criteria for second line study. A condition was detected in 21.4%, with convulsive syndrome was the most frequent (33%). Newborns with an identified condition had 3.8+2.7 episodes versus 1.5+2,4 in those without diagnosis (NS). A home oxygen monitor was given to 15.4%. There were no re-admissions.