Takayasu's arteritis physical examination

Takayasu's arteritis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]

Physical Examination

A thorough physical examination is essential, with particular attention to:

• Peripheral pulses

• Blood pressure in all 4 extremities

• Ophthalmologic examination

Skin

• Erythema nodosum

• Ulcerating nodular lesions

HEENT

Ophthalmologic examination may show:

• Retinal ischemia
• Retinal hemorrhages
• Cotton-wool exudates
• Venous dilatation and beading
• Microaneurysms of peripheral retina
• Optic atrophy
• Vitreous hemorrhage
• Wreathlike peripapillary arteriovenous anastomoses (extremely rare)

Back

Back examination of patients with Takayasu's arteritis is usually normal.

Neuromuscular

Involvement of the carotid and vertebral arteries causes decreased cerebral blood flow, leading to:

• Lightheadedness

• Vertigo

• Syncope

• Orthostasis

• Headaches

• Convulsions

• Strokes