Rheumatoid arthritis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]
Overview
Physical examination
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with rheumatoid arthritis usually appear fatigued.
Vital Signs
Skin
- Rheumatoid nodule found over bony prominences, such as the olecranon, the calcaneal tuberosity, the metacarpophalangeal joints, or other areas that sustain repeated mechanical stress [1] [2]
- Erythema nodosum
- Atrophy of digital skin
- Palmar erythema
- Diffuse thinning (rice paper skin), and skin fragility
- Beading on the nails
Eyes
- Dry eyes
- Scleritis
- Scleromalacia
Lungs
On Auscultation of lungs:
- Decreased breath sounds on both sides.
- Crackles may be present.
Abdomen
- On palpation:
Extremities
- On inspection redness and swelling of the affected joints.
- On palpation:
- Tenderness
- Pain on movement
- Decreased range of movement
References
- ↑ Pham T, Gossec L, Fautrel B, Combe B, Flipo RM, Goupille P, Le Loët X, Mariette X, Puéchal X, Wendling D, Schaeverbeke T, Sibilia J, Sany J, Dougados M (May 2005). "Physical examination and laboratory tests in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: development of recommendations for clinical practice based on published evidence and expert opinion". Joint Bone Spine. 72 (3): 222–8. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.10.010. PMID 15850993.
- ↑ Medina YF, Ruíz-Gaviria RE, Buitrago-Lopez A, Villota C (February 2018). "Physical articular examination in the activity of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of the literature : Systematic review of the literature regarding physical examination in rheumatoid arthritis". Clin. Rheumatol. doi:10.1007/s10067-018-4015-4. PMID 29464524.