Polyarthritis
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Polyarthritis is any type of arthritis which involves five or more joints - an inflammation of two, three or four joints is an oligoarthritis.
Causes
Polyarthritis is most often caused by an auto-immune disorder such as Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, and Lupus erythematosus but can also be caused by infections such as Ross River Virus.
Differential Diagnosis of Polyarthritis
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | |||||||||||
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Symptoms | Physical examination | ||||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | |||||||||||||
Joint Swelling | Fever | Weight loss | Claudication | Biomarker | CBC | ESR | Other | ||||||||
Polyarthritis | Infectious arthritis | Lyme disease | + | + | +/- | +/- | Lyme encephalopathy, Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans | CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL19 (MIP3B) | Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia | - | Microscopic hematuria, Proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST | CT scan: Punctate lesions in periventricular white matter in brain SPECT | Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans | Serologic tests | Erythema migrans |
Bacterial endocarditis | + | + | + | - | Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Roth spots | NT-proBNP | Normochromic-normocytic anemia | ↑ | Hyperglobulinemia, Cryoglobulinemia | CT scan: Metastatic infections, such as splenic infarct, renal infarcts, or psoas abscess
Echo: Vegetation, abscess, or new dehiscence of a prosthetic valvein echocardiography |
Vegetation or intracardiac abscess demonstrating active endocarditis | Echocardiography (TTE) | Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Roth spots, Vertebral osteomyelitis | ||
Postinfectious (reactive) arthritis | Rheumatic fever | ||||||||||||||
Reactive arthritis | |||||||||||||||
Enteric infection | |||||||||||||||
Other seronegative spondyloarthritides | Ankylosing spondylitis | ||||||||||||||
Psoriatic arthritis | |||||||||||||||
Inflammatory bowel disease | |||||||||||||||
Rheumatoid arthritis | |||||||||||||||
Inflammatory osteoarthritis | |||||||||||||||
Crystal-induced arthritis | |||||||||||||||
Systemic rheumatic illnesses | Systemic lupus erythematosus | ||||||||||||||
Systemic vasculitis | |||||||||||||||
Systemic sclerosis | |||||||||||||||
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis | |||||||||||||||
Still's disease | |||||||||||||||
Behçet's syndrome | |||||||||||||||
Relapsing polychondritis | |||||||||||||||
Autoinflammatory disorders | |||||||||||||||
Other systemic illnesses | Sarcoidosis | ||||||||||||||
Palindromic rheumatism | |||||||||||||||
Familial Mediterranean fever | |||||||||||||||
Malignancy | |||||||||||||||
Hyperlipoproteinemias | |||||||||||||||
Polyarticular pain | Viral arthritis | Hepatitis B and C | |||||||||||||
Rubella | |||||||||||||||
Parvovirus | |||||||||||||||
Fibromyalgia | |||||||||||||||
Soft tissue abnormalities | |||||||||||||||
Hypothyroidism | |||||||||||||||
Neuropathic pain | |||||||||||||||
Metabolic bone disease | |||||||||||||||
Depression |