Acute tubular necrosis natural history, complications and prognosis

	Acute tubular necrosis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Acute tubular necrosis may usually develop through 3 phases, include
- Phase of initiation
- Maintenance phase
- Phase of recovery
Renal insult by ischemia, hypoxic injury or nephrotoxins can occur in initiation phase. This phase is mostly preventable.
After a renal injury, it may progress to renal failure. once the acute renal failure is evident, there is marked decrease in glomerular filtration rate resulting in oliguria.
The duration of maintenance phase may vary from days to weeks.
Maintenance phase is followed by a recovery phase which may usually last 3-6 weeks. Polyuria can occur due to decreased concentration capacity of kidneys.
Eventually kidney repair may take place resulting in normal glomerular filtration rate.

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.