Acute tubular necrosis natural history, complications and prognosis

	Acute tubular necrosis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Acute tubular necrosis may usually develop through 3 phases, include
- Phase of initiation
- Maintenance phase
- Phase of recovery
Renal injury by ischemia, hypoxia, and nephrotoxins can occur in initiation phase. This phase is mostly preventable.
After a renal injury, it may progress to renal failure depending upon the severity. once the acute renal failure is evident, there is marked decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting in oliguria.
Oliguria resulting in accummulation of metabolic waste products and uremia that lead to altered mental status, cognitive impairment, and other complications.
The duration of maintenance phase may vary from days to weeks.
Maintenance phase is followed by a recovery phase which may usually last 3-6 weeks. Polyuria can occur due to decreased concentration capacity of kidneys in the maintenance phase.
Eventually kidney recovery may take place resulting in normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.