Polyarteritis nodosa other imaging findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Haritha Machavarapu, M.B.B.S.

Other Imaging Findings

Arteriography

• Arteriography is the best imaging study to diagnosis of PAN.
• Findings on an arteriography diagnostic of PAN include:
  • Microaneurysms
    • Pathognomic finding seen in 60-80% patients.
    • Caused by rupture of a vessel wall due to necrotizing inflammatory process.
    • Most commonly seen at the branching points and bifurcations of arteries.
    • Microaneurysms are usually more than 10 in number.
    • Size: 2-5mm
  • Saccular aneurysms
    • Size: 1-5mm
    • Seen in small and medium sized vessels.
  • Tortuous vessels showing:
    • Irregular lumina
    • Segmental luminal narrowing or dilatation
    • Infarctions
    • Vascular irregularity
    • Segmental occlusions