Takayasu's arteritis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]

Overview

The symptoms of Takayasu's arteritis typically develop between 15 and 30 years of age. Common complications of Takayasu's arteritis include hardening and narrowing of blood vessels, High blood pressure, Heart failure, Stroke, Transient ischemic attack. The five year survival rate in Takayasu arteritis is over 90%.

Natural History

Natural History

• The symptoms of Takayasu's arteritis typically develop between 15 and 30 years of age.
• If left untreated, patients with Takayasu's arteritis may progress to develop high blood pressure, stroke, or heart failure.
• Takayasu's arteritis can be divided into two phases:
  • Pre-pulseless phase
    • Present with non-specific constitutional symptoms of vasculitis such as:
      • Fatigue
      • Fever of unknown origin
      • Weight loss
      • Myalgia
      • Arthralgia

• • Subsequent pulseless phase
    • Present with involvement of the branches of aorta and specific symptoms secondary to occlusion of the branches of aorta such as:
      • Subclavian artery:
        • Claudication in the upper extremities
        • Subclavian steal syndrome
      • Carotid and vertebral arteries:
        • Headache
        • Vertigo
        • Syncope
        • Convulsions
        • Forgetfulness
      • Coronary arteries:
        • Chest pain
      • Ascending aorta:
        • Aortic regurgitation

Complications

Common complications of Takayasu's arteritis include:

• Hardening and narrowing of blood vessels
• High blood pressure
• Carditis
• Heart failure
• Stroke
• Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• Aneurysm in the aorta
• Heart attack

Prognosis

• Takayasu arteritis is a chronic relapsing and remitting disease.
• Takayasu arteritis is associated with significant morbidity.

• The five year survival rate in patients suffering from Takayasu arteritis is over 90%.