Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
In 1812, Wells showed that a latent period was required for edema and red urine seem to be present; these findings were observed to be more common in patients of the same families rather than equally distributed along the general population.[1][2]
In 1827, Richard Bright and colleagues showed there was a relation between edema and the urine findings.[1] Fifty years later, Klebs and colleagues showed that the clinical findings were consistent with a form of glomerulonephritis that was associated with the period following scarlet fever.[1] Reichel and Osman further elaborated on PSGN and revealed detailed findings and description of the disease, its prevalence, its clinical findings, and its outcome in 1905 and 1933, respectively (17342179). Although well recognized before the 20th century, it was not until 1903 when Clemens von Pirquet hypothesized the presence of immune complexes that might be the culprit of PSGN, based on his clinical observations during his pediatric residency training.[1] His theory was outlined and sent to the Academy of Sciences in Vienna and was read in the Academy in 1908.[1]
The contribution of many scientists following the early works; such as those that determined that group A streptococcal infections were the etiology behind scarlet fever[1], and those that showed that streptococcal antigens were present in some forms of glomerulonephritis.[1] In 1941, Seegal and Earle determined the nephritogenic properties of streptococcal strains and differentiated streptococcal strains based on their nephrogenic vs. rheumatic complication.[1]
Discovery
- [Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].
- The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
- In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
Outbreaks
- There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
Impact on Cultural History
Famous Cases
- The following are a few famous cases of disease name:
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Rodríguez-Iturbe B, Batsford S (2007). "Pathogenesis of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a century after Clemens von Pirquet". Kidney Int. 71 (11): 1094–104. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002169. PMID 17342179.
- ↑ Becker CG, Murphy GE (1968). "The experimental induction of glomerulonephritis like that in man by infection with group A streptococci". J Exp Med. 127 (1): 1–24. PMC 2138440. PMID 5635039.