Interstitial nephritis epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohsen Basiri M.D.

Overview

Interstitial nephritis accounts for 10-15% of kidney disease worlwide.

Analgesic-induced nephritis is 5-6 times more common in women.

The elderly have more severe disease and increased risk of permanent damage.

Children exposed to lead poisoning ARE more likely to develop nephritis as young adult.

TIN with uveitis is more common in adolescent female.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

• The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
• In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Prevalence

While the definitive diagnosis of AIN needs a kidney biopsy,then determination of prevalence of AIN are based on retrospective reviews of biopsy registries, with an overall average of 2.8%of the total biopsies. The incidence of AIN increases among biopsies done specifically to evaluate acute renal failure of unknown origin,with an overall average of 13.5%.

• The prevalence of ATIN has increased in recent years, especially in patients aged >65 years. This could be due to an increase in drug-associated ATIN, which would justify early renal biopsy to identify ATIN and reduce the probability of progression to chronic kidney disease. Although, our data are not able to corroborate this fact.

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop TIN.The elderly have more severe disease and increased risk of permanent damage
• Children exposed to lead poisoning ARE more likely to develop nephritis as young adult.
• TIN with uveitis is more common in adolescent female
• Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome

Race

• There is no racial predilection to TIN; whereas, lead nephropathy is more common in black people owing to socioeconomic factors.

Gender

• Analgesic-induced nephritis is 5-6 times more common in women, attributed to women taking more analgesics than men.

Region

•  In certain regions, such as the Balkans (ie, Yugoslavia, Bosnia, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria), where endemic nephropathy is common, interstitial diseases may be more prevalent.