Hyperkalemia classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jogeet Singh Sekhon, M.D. [2]
Overview
Hyperkalemia develops when blood potassium levels are more than 5.1meq/L. Hyperkalemia can be classified based on the potassium levels, duration of onset and the cause of hyperkalemia.
Classification
- Hyperkalemia may be classified according to the potassium levels as : [1]
- Mild- potassium levels between 5.1-6.0 mEq/L.
- Moderate- potassium levels between 6.2-7.0 mEq/L.
- Severe- potassium levels more than 7.0 mEq/L.
- Hyperkalemia can be classified on the basis of duration as [2] :
- Hyperacute- develops in a few hours, usually in tissue breakdown or parenteral potassium supplement.
- Acute-develops within 48 hours, could be due to acute kidney injury.
- Chronic-develops gradually, usually due to chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease.
- Hyperkalemia can be classified on the basis of the cause [3] :
- Increased uptake
- Impaired excretion
- Transcellular shift
References
- ↑ Lehnhardt A, Kemper MJ (2011). "Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hyperkalemia". Pediatr Nephrol. 26 (3): 377–84. doi:10.1007/s00467-010-1699-3. PMC 3061004. PMID 21181208.
- ↑ Magner PO, Robinson L, Halperin RM, Zettle R, Halperin ML (1988). "The plasma potassium concentration in metabolic acidosis: a re-evaluation". Am J Kidney Dis. 11 (3): 220–4. PMID 3344745.
- ↑ Lee HK, Brough TJ, Curtis MB, Polito FA, Yeo KT (2008). "Pseudohyperkalemia--is serum or whole blood a better specimen type than plasma?". Clin Chim Acta. 396 (1–2): 95–6. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2008.06.022. PMID 18638465.