Hemolytic-uremic syndrome risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Risk Factors

The most potent risk factor in the development of HUS is etiology advanced and Clinical associations . Other risk factors include [etiology unknown].

etiology advance

• Infection induced

1. Shiga and verocytotoxin (shiga-like toxin)-producing bacteria;enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriaen type 1,Citrobacter
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae, neuraminidase, and T-antigen exposure

• Disorders of complement regulation

1. Genetic disorders of complement regulation
2. Acquired disorders of complement regulation, for example anti-FH antibody

• von Willebrand proteinase, ADAMTS13 deficiency

1. Genetic disorders of ADAMTS13
2. Acquired von Willebrand proteinase deficiency; autoimmune, drug induced

• Defective cobalamine metabolism

and Qinine induced .

clinical associations

1. HIV
2. Malignancy, cancer chemotherapy and ionizing radiation
3. Calcineurin inhibitors and transplantation
4. Pregnancy, HELLP syndrome and oral contraceptive pill
5. Systemic lupus erythematosis and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
6. Glomerulopathy
7. Familial, not included in part 1
8. Unclassified