Hereditary spherocytosis causes
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- Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Causes
- HS is caused by a variety of mutations that lead to defects in red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins. HS usually is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, and the identification of the disorder in multiple generations of affected families is the rule. Homozygosity for this dominantly transmitted HS gene has not been identified, which suggests that the homozygous state is incompatible with life.
- Twenty-five percent of all newly diagnosed patients do not demonstrate a dominant inheritance pattern. Parents of these patients do not have clinical or hematologic abnormalities. Some of these sporadic cases may result from new mutations.
- An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance also occurs, as indicated by descriptions of families in which apparently healthy parents have had more than one affected child. Recessive inheritance may account for 20-25% of all HS cases. It manifests only in individuals who are homozygous or compound heterozygous and often is associated with severe hemolytic anemia.