Pseudotumor cerebri risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factors in the development of IIH are:
Common risk factors
Age and gender
Most of the IIH cases happen in women in child bearing age[1], but it can also happens in children and old adult with male gender. In prepubertal age the gender is not an important risk factor and in old patients the percent of affected males was higher than females.[2][3]
Obesity
Some evidences suggest that obesity can increase intra abdominal and intracranial pressure and have a role in pathogenesis of IIH.[4]
Positive family history[5]
Medications
- growth hormones: Development of IIH in result of GH therapy mostly happens in one year of medication initiation, but it can also develop after several years of treatment. with stopping the use of GH, symptoms of IIH will improve.[6][7]
Systemib illness
- Addison disease[9]
- Hypoparathyroidism[10]
- Sever anemia[11]
- Sleep apnea[11]
- SLE[12]
- Behcet’s syndrome[13]
- Polycystic ovary syndrome[14]
- Coagulation disorders[14]
- Uremia[15]
Less common risk factors
drugs such as:
References
- ↑ Wall M, George D (February 1991). "Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A prospective study of 50 patients". Brain. 114 ( Pt 1A): 155–80. PMID 1998880.
- ↑ Soler D, Cox T, Bullock P, Calver DM, Robinson RO (January 1998). "Diagnosis and management of benign intracranial hypertension". Arch. Dis. Child. 78 (1): 89–94. PMC 1717437. PMID 9534686.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bandyopadhyay S, Jacobson DM (March 2002). "Clinical features of late-onset pseudotumor cerebri fulfilling the modified dandy criteria". J Neuroophthalmol. 22 (1): 9–11. PMID 11937898.
- ↑ Ireland B, Corbett JJ, Wallace RB (March 1990). "The search for causes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A preliminary case-control study". Arch. Neurol. 47 (3): 315–20. PMID 2310315.
- ↑ Wall M, Kupersmith MJ, Kieburtz KD, Corbett JJ, Feldon SE, Friedman DI, Katz DM, Keltner JL, Schron EB, McDermott MP (June 2014). "The idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial: clinical profile at baseline". JAMA Neurol. 71 (6): 693–701. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.133. PMC 4351808. PMID 24756302.
- ↑ Rogers AH, Rogers GL, Bremer DL, McGregor ML (June 1999). "Pseudotumor cerebri in children receiving recombinant human growth hormone". Ophthalmology. 106 (6): 1186–9, discussion 1189–90. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90266-X. PMID 10366091.
- ↑ Vischi A, Guerriero S, Giancipoli G, Lorusso V, Sborgia G (2006). "Delayed onset of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome 7 years after starting human recombinant growth hormone treatment". Eur J Ophthalmol. 16 (1): 178–80. PMID 16496267.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Friedman DI (2005). "Medication-induced intracranial hypertension in dermatology". Am J Clin Dermatol. 6 (1): 29–37. PMID 15675888.
- ↑ Alexandrakis G, Filatov V, Walsh T (November 1993). "Pseudotumor cerebri in a 12-year-old boy with Addison's disease". Am. J. Ophthalmol. 116 (5): 650–1. PMID 8238233.
- ↑ Sheldon RS, Becker WJ, Hanley DA, Culver RL (November 1987). "Hypoparathyroidism and pseudotumor cerebri: an infrequent clinical association". Can J Neurol Sci. 14 (4): 622–5. PMID 3690435.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bruce BB, Kedar S, Van Stavern GP, Corbett JJ, Newman NJ, Biousse V (June 2010). "Atypical idiopathic intracranial hypertension: normal BMI and older patients". Neurology. 74 (22): 1827–32. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e0f838. PMC 2882219. PMID 20513819.
- ↑ Dave S, Longmuir R, Shah VA, Wall M, Lee AG (2008). "Intracranial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus". Semin Ophthalmol. 23 (2): 127–33. doi:10.1080/08820530801888188. PMID 18320479.
- ↑ Celebisoy N, Seçil Y, Akyürekli O (December 2002). "Pseudotumor cerebri: etiological factors, presenting features and prognosis in the western part of Turkey". Acta Neurol. Scand. 106 (6): 367–70. PMID 12460143.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Glueck CJ, Iyengar S, Goldenberg N, Smith LS, Wang P (July 2003). "Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: associations with coagulation disorders and polycystic-ovary syndrome". J. Lab. Clin. Med. 142 (1): 35–45. doi:10.1016/S0022-2143(03)00069-6. PMID 12878984.
- ↑ Chang D, Nagamoto G, Smith WE (1992). "Benign intracranial hypertension and chronic renal failure". Cleve Clin J Med. 59 (4): 419–22. PMID 1525975.
- ↑ Lessell S (1992). "Pediatric pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension)". Surv Ophthalmol. 37 (3): 155–66. PMID 1475750.
- ↑ Ames D, Wirshing WC, Cokely HT, Lo LL (August 1994). "The natural course of pseudotumor cerebri in lithium-treated patients". J Clin Psychopharmacol. 14 (4): 286–7. PMID 7962691.
- ↑ Scott IU, Siatkowski RM, Eneyni M, Brodsky MC, Lam BL (August 1997). "Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children and adolescents". Am. J. Ophthalmol. 124 (2): 253–5. PMID 9262557.
- ↑ Mushet GR (April 1977). "Pseudotumor and nitrofurantoin therapy". Arch. Neurol. 34 (4): 257. PMID 843266.