Hypernatremia classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Hypernatremia can be classified based on the fluid status of the patients into hypovolemic, normovolemic, or hypervolemic hypernatremia.

Classification

• Hypernatremia can be classified based on the fluid status of the patient into 3 states:
  • Hypovolemic hypernatremia which may be caused by:
    • Vomiting
    • Diarrhea
    • Diuretic use
    • Kidney disease
  • Normovolemic hypernatremia which may be a result of:
    • Fever
    • Decreased thirst
    • Diabetes insipidus
    • Lithium toxicity
  • Hypervolemic hypernatremia which may be caused by:
    • Hyperaldosteronism
    • Administration of saline solution
    • Eating much salt