Multiple myeloma history and symptoms
|
Multiple myeloma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Multiple myeloma history and symptoms On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Multiple myeloma history and symptoms |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Multiple myeloma history and symptoms |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Shyam Patel [3]
Overview
The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, pallor, and fatigue.[1][2][3] However, the presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. The common symptoms of multiple myeloma can be remembered by the mnemonic CRAB - C = Calcium (elevated), R = Renal failure, A = Anemia, B = Bone lesions.[4][2][3]
History and Symptoms
Relevant history includes:
- Review of past medical history for other plasma cell diseases, hematologic malignancies, underlying renal disease, and underlying bone disease
- Review of family history for members with positive history of hematologic malignancies
- Review of occupational history related to farming, oil industry, or Agent Orange exposure
History includes character, location, onset, and duration of pain (typically bony pain). Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:[1][2][3][5][6][7]
-
- Usually involves the spine and ribs (axial skeleton), and worsens with activity
- Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture
- Inability to carry out routine tasks due to limitation by pain
- Neurological symptoms
- Hypercalcemia related symptoms
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Lethargy due to anemia
- Bone marrow failure-related symptoms: This is due to crowding out of normal bone marrow precursors by malignant plasma cells.
- Easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums due to thrombocytopenia
- Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness and paleness due to anemia
- Recurrent infections due to [[leukopenia]
- Lower limb edema due to renal involvement
- Thrombotic symptoms: Thrombosis is more common in multiple myeloma due to cancer-associated thrombosis and due to lenalidomide, which increases thrombotic risk.
- Shortness of breath due to pulmonary embolism
- Lower extremity edema due to deep vein thrombosis
- Abdominal pain due to mesenteric venous thrombosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.
- ↑ Reisenbuckler C (2014). "Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging". Radiol Technol. 85 (4): 391–410, quiz 411–3. PMID 24614435.
- ↑ Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T (October 2015). "Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 15 (10): 563–77.e1–3. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003. PMID 26294217.
- ↑ Eslick R, Talaulikar D (October 2013). "Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment". Aust Fam Physician. 42 (10): 684–8. PMID 24130968.