Stevens-Johnson syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
There are different triggers for Stevens Johnson Syndrome Include Drug induced, Infections, Some systemic and Autoimmune disease among others.
Drug Induced SJS:
One of the main triggers to cause SJS is the drug induced reaction
- Usually happens in first 2 months of treatment with drugs (often within 4-28 days)
- Typically occur after the first prolonged exposure to drug
- Unlikely to be caused by drugs that are being taken for a long time by the patient
- The most commons drugs that can cause SJS include[1]:
- Anti-Infective Sulfonamides
- Allupurinol[2]
- Anti-Epileptics include
- Antibiotics include
- Pencilllin
- Sufa drugs
- Ciprofloxacin has also been reported to be associated with SJS[3]
- Other Less commonly associated drugs may include
- Acetaminophen
- Albendazole
- Amifostine
- Amoxicillin
- Boceprevir
- clofarabine
- Cefadroxil
- Cefotaxime sodium
- Certolizumab pegol
- Ceftazidime
- Clobazam
- Etravirine
- Levobunolol hydrochloride
- Diclofenac
- diclofenac (patch)
- Fluconazole[4]
- Indinavir
- Isotretinoin
- Lincomycin Hydrochloride
- Valdecoxib
- Penicillin
- Interferon gamma
- Barbiturates
- Saquinavir mesylate
- Sulfas
- Phenytoin
- Piperacillin
- Piperacillin/tazobactam
- Modafinil
- Oxaprozin
- Lamotrigine
- Nevirapine
- Ibuprofen,[5] (ethosuximide, Carbamazepine)[6][7]
- Infliximab, Imatinib
- Rabeprazole
- Raltegravir
- Ritonavir
Infection Induced SJS
SJS can be caused by infections, usually following viral infections:
- Herpes simplex virus
- Influenza
- HIV
- Mumps
- Hepatitis A
- Cat-scratch fever
- Histoplasmosis
- Epstein-Barr virus
Some bacterial infections may be associated with SJS, including following:
- Group A- Beta Hemolytic streptococci
- Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
- Diptheria
- Brucellosis
- Typhoid fever
- Mycobacteria
Other Causes
- Malignancy (carcinomas and lymphomas)
- Idiopathic factors (up to 50% of the time). SJS has also been consistently reported as an uncommon side effect of herbal supplements containing ginseng.
- SJS may also be caused by cocaine usage.[8]
- Drug side effects:
- Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride
- Cefaclor
- Ceftibuten
- Cefotetan disodium
- Cytomegalovirus immune globulin
- Dactinomycin
- Doripenem
- Ethosuximide
- Felbamate
- Imipenem-Cilastatin
- Ibritumomab tiuxetan
- Lacosamide
- Meropenem
- Muromonab-CD3
- Sorafenib
- Spironolactone
- Rifampin
- Trovafloxacin mesylate
- Trospium
- vandetanib
References
- ↑ Levi N, Bastuji-Garin S, Mockenhaupt M, Roujeau JC, Flahault A, Kelly JP; et al. (2009). "Medications as risk factors of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children: a pooled analysis". Pediatrics. 123 (2): e297–304. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1923. PMID 19153164.
- ↑ Halevy S, Ghislain PD, Mockenhaupt M, Fagot JP, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Sidoroff A; et al. (2008). "Allopurinol is the most common cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Europe and Israel". J Am Acad Dermatol. 58 (1): 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.036. PMID 17919772.
- ↑ Hällgren J, Tengvall-Linder M, Persson M, Wahlgren CF (2003). "Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with ciprofloxacin: a review of adverse cutaneous events reported in Sweden as associated with this drug". J Am Acad Dermatol. 49 (5 Suppl): S267–9. doi:10.1016/S0190. PMID 14576649.
- ↑ Medsafe Data Sheet March 8, 2005. Accessed April 26, 2007.
- ↑ Raksha MP, Marfatia YS (2008). "Clinical study of cutaneous drug eruptions in 200 patients". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 74 (1): 80. PMID 18193504.
- ↑ Fagot J, Mockenhaupt M, Bouwes-Bavinck J, Naldi L, Viboud C, Roujeau J (2001). "Nevirapine and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis". AIDS. 15 (14): 1843–8. doi:10.1097/00002030-200109280-00014. PMID 11579247.
- ↑ Devi K, George S, Criton S, Suja V, Sridevi P (2005). "Carbamazepine--the commonest cause of toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a study of 7 years". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 71 (5): 325–8. PMID 16394456.
- ↑ Stevens-Johnson Syndrome-emerg/555 at eMedicine