Sandbox: wdx causes

Differentiating Pancytopenia from Other Diseases

• Pancytopenia must be differentiated from a pseudo-syndromes like pseudo-thrombocytopenia, which is a laboratory artifact from platelet clumping.
• There are no other mimickers of pancytopenia, as the diagnosis can be unequivocally established by laboratory testing (complete blood count).

Category	Disease	Etiology	Mechanism			Congenital	Acquried	Clinical manifestations									Para−clinical findings									Gold standard	Associated findings
								Demography	History	Symptoms			Signs
																	Lab Findings								Imaging
										Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other	CBC			PBS	Bone marrow exam	PT	PTT	UA
			Bone marrow infiltration	Bone marrow failure	Destruction/ sequestration/ redistribution												Plt	HB	WBC
Hematologic disorders	Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)	Bone marrow infiltration Ineffective hematopoiesis
	Malignancies such as: Acute leukemias Chronic leukemias Multiple myeloma Metastatic cancer	Bone marrow infiltration Ineffective hematopoiesis	+	+	+
	Myelofibrosis	Bone marrow infiltration	+
	Fanconi anemia					+
	Aplastic anemia	Immune destruction		+
	Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria	Immune destruction		+
	Disseminated intravascular coagulation	Consumption			+
	Dyskeratosis congenital/telomere biology disorders					+
	Shwachman-Diamond syndrome					+
Immunology/ Rheumatology	SLE
	Felty syndrome
	Wiskott Aldrich syndrome					+
	GATA2 deficiency					+
	Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)					+
GI disorders	Portal hypertension/cirrhosis	Splenomegaly			+
	Storage diseases (eg, Gaucher)	Splenomegaly Bone marrow infiltration	+		+
Infections	Sepsis	Bone marrow infiltration	+
	Viral infection such as HIV, hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus	Marrow suppression Splenomegaly		+	+
Nutritional	Megaloblastic anemia	Ineffective hematopoiesis		+
	Excessive alcohol	Ineffective hematopoiesis
	Other (eg, copper deficiency, zinc toxicity)	Ineffective hematopoiesis
	Malnutrition	Ineffective hematopoiesis
Medications	Medications such as: Cytotoxic drugs Idiosyncratic reactions to medications	Immune destruction		+
Category		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Congenital	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	PT	PTT	UA	Imaging	Gold standard	Associated findings