Acute myeloid leukemia physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [3] Shyam Patel [4]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of acute myeloid leukemia include anemia, fever, pallor, Leukemia cutis, bruising, petechiae, ecchymosis and tachycardia.

Physical Examination

Appearance

The patient may appear pale because of anemia.

Vitals

• Fever
• Tachycardia
• Tachypnea
• Hypotension

Skin

• Pallor
• Leukemia cutis
• Bruising
• Petechiae (flat, pin-head sized spots under the skin caused by bleeding)
• Ecchymosis

Head

• Lymphadenopathy
• Bleeding and swollen gums

Nose

• Bleeding

Heart

• Flow murmurs due to anemia

Abdomen

• Splenomegaly
• Hepatomegaly
• Flank hemorrhage
• Gastrointestinal bleeding

Extremities

• Bone tenderness
• Joint tenderness

Neurologic

• Altered mental status if there is central nervous system involvement
• Nuchal rigidity if there is leptomeningeal involvement
• Headache if leukostasis is present