Acute myeloid leukemia chest x ray
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [3] Shyam Patel [4]
Overview
If a lung infection is suspected chest x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia.
Chest X-ray
The indications for chest X-ray in acute myeloid leukemia include assessment for the following:
- Differentiation syndrome: Chest radiography is useful in the assessment of differentiation syndrome, which is a therapy-related complication when patients are treated with all-trans retinoic acid, enasidenib, or ivosidenib. Chest X-ray will show pulmonary infiltrate and/or edema.[1]
- Infection: Chest x-ray is routinely employed if a lung infection is suspected. Bacterial, viral, and fungal pneumonias are very common in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving chemotherapy. Bacterial pneumonia will present as lobar consolidations on chest X-ray. Viral pneumonia will present as interstitial or reticular opacities on chest X-ray. Fungal pneumonia will present as nodules on chest X-ray.
- Volume overload : Patients with acute myeloid leukemia typically received greater than 10 liters of intravenous fluids during induction chemotherapy. This can result in volume overload if diuresis is not appropriately administered. The accumulation of excess fluids within the pulmonary alveoli can result in pulmonary edema, which is readily detected on a chest X-ray as blunted costophrenic angles and Kerley B lines.
References
- ↑ Xu LM, Zheng YJ, Wang Y, Yang Y, Cao FF, Peng B; et al. (2014). "Celastrol inhibits lung infiltration in differential syndrome animal models by reducing TNF-α and ICAM-1 levels while preserving differentiation in ATRA-induced acute promyelocytic leukemia cells". PLoS One. 9 (8): e105131. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105131. PMC 4130635. PMID 25116125.