Horseshoe kidney historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Before 1800 A.D. horseshoe kidney regarded as curiosity found only at postmortem examination.

Horseshoe kidney was first discovered or documented by Jacopo Berengario da Carpi, a Carpiani Physician, in 1522 /during/following [event]."cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl".
Horseshoe Kidney was first described and illustrated by Leonardo Botallo, in 1564.
Later on,Leonard Doldius in Nürnberg in the year 1602,described the horseshoe kidney during a postmortem examination.
In 1761,Giovanni Battista Morgagni gave an accurate survey and mentioned cases which had already been published.
In 1908, diagnosis of horseshoe kidney was first described by Israel by careful Physical Examination.
Gutierrez introduced the horseshoe kidney pyelographic triangle by using the intravenous pyelogram.^[1]
Boreham and Gammelgaard, advised aortography in the final diagnosis and as an aid for planning the surgery.
In 1964, Falor and Rafflo described the value and limitations of aortogram and urography in the association of horseshoe kidney and abdominal aneurysm.

The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].

There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:

In 1909, division of the renal isthmus was first done by Martinow, to separate the fused kidney,later on detail described by Rovsing in 1911, followed by a modification by Papin in 1922.
In 1940,Foley advised nephropexy in addition to synphsiotomy.
In 1962, Felton and Miller reported a sucessful resection of aortic aneurysm asssociated with the horseshoe kidney stating that there is no hazard in the division of isthmus to gain access.

The following are a few famous cases of disease name:

↑ Amar, Arjan D.; Culp, Ormond S.; Farman, Franklin; Hutch, John A.; Jones, Howard W.; Marshall, Victor F.; McRoberts, J. William; Muecke, Edward C.; Murphy, John J.; Prentiss, Robert J.; Tristan, Theodore Atherton; Waterhouse, Keith (1968). 7 / 1. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87399-7. ISSN 0374-8006. Missing or empty |title= (help)