Optic neuritis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Optic neuritis was first discovered by von Graefe and Nettleship, in late nineteenth century when ophthalmoscopy became part of the ophthalmic examination.[1]
- The association between systemic sclerosis and optic neuritis was made by the early 1900's but there was much controversy and misunderstanding about its differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and possible treatment.[1]
- Optic neuritis was first distinguished from infectious,hereditary, toxic, nutritional, and ischemic optic neuropathies during the twentieth century.[1]
- During late twentieth century, the development of MRI and the results from recent clinical trials, discovered the relationship between optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.[1]
Classification
[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on:
- [Classification method 1]
- [Classification method 2]
- [Classification method 3]
Pathophysiology
Causes
Common Causes
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
Differentiating Optic Neuritis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Optic neuritis typically affects young adults ranging from 18–45 years of age, with a mean age of 30–35 years. There is a strong female predominance. The annual incidence is approximately 5/100,000, with a prevalence estimated to be 115/100,000.[2]
Age
Gender
Race
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Volpe NJ (December 2001). "Optic neuritis: historical aspects". J Neuroophthalmol. 21 (4): 302–9. PMID 11756864.
- ↑ Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT (1995). "Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota". Neurology. 45 (2): 244–50. PMID 7854520.