Multiple myeloma history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hannan Javed, M.D.[2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3] Shyam Patel [4]
Overview
The history and symptoms of multiple myeloma are based on the underlying effect of excess plasma cells on various organ systems. Pain is usually a symptom of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Broad categories of symptoms include bone-related symptoms, neurological symptoms, hypercalcemia-related symptoms, bone marrow failure-related symptoms, and thrombosis-related symptoms. Although all of these symptoms are possible, the presentation of multiple myeloma varies from patient to patient.
History and Symptoms
Relevant history includes:
- Review of past medical history for other plasma cell diseases, hematologic malignancies, underlying renal disease, and underlying bone disease
- Review of family history for members with positive history of hematologic malignancies
- Review of occupational history related to farming, oil industry, or Agent Orange exposure
History includes character, location, onset, and duration of pain (typically bony pain). Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
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- Usually involves the spine and ribs (axial skeleton), and worsens with activity
- Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture
- Inability to carry out routine tasks due to limitation by pain
- Neurological symptoms
- Numbness due to plasma cell infiltration of nerves or anti-neuronal glycoprotein antibodies
- Muscle weakness
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Paralysis
- Visual changes
- Hypercalcemia-related symptoms
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Lethargy due to anemia
- Bone marrow failure-related symptoms: This is due to crowding out of normal bone marrow precursors by malignant plasma cells.
- Easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums due to thrombocytopenia
- Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness and paleness due to anemia
- Recurrent infections due to leukopenia
- Thrombotic symptoms: Thrombosis is more common in multiple myeloma due to cancer-associated thrombosis and due to lenalidomide, which increases thrombotic risk.
- Shortness of breath due to pulmonary embolism
- Lower extremity edema due to deep vein thrombosis
- Abdominal pain due to mesenteric venous thrombosis
- Transient ischemic attack
- Retinal hemorrhage
References
- ↑ Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015
- ↑ Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015
- ↑ Reisenbuckler C (2014). "Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging". Radiol Technol. 85 (4): 391–410, quiz 411–3. PMID 24614435.
- ↑ Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T (October 2015). "Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 15 (10): 563–77.e1–3. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003. PMID 26294217.
- ↑ Eslick R, Talaulikar D (October 2013). "Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment". Aust Fam Physician. 42 (10): 684–8. PMID 24130968.