Pneumomediastinum classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Pneumomediastinum may be classified according to cause into spontaneous pneumomediastinum and secondary pneumomediastinum.

Classification

Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups:

• Spontaneous, also known as idiopathic pneumomediastinum: Predisposing factors are tobacco use, recreational drug use, asthma, interstitial lung disease, COPD.
• Secondary pneumothorax:
  • Iatrogenic: Endoscopic procedures, intubation/extubation, central line placement.
  • Traumatic: Blunt force trauma, penetrating injury.

• Pneumomediastinum can also be classified according to the entry of air into the mediastinal cavity:

[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:

• [Group1]
• [Group2]
• [Group3]
• [Group4]

OR

[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on:

• [Classification method 1]
• [Classification method 2]
• [Classification method 3]

[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on:

• [Classification method 1]
• [Classification method 2]
• [Classification method 3]

OR

Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.

OR

If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:

According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].

OR

The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].

OR

There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].