Breast lumps pathophysiology

Breast lumps Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Physiology

• Mammary gland development, maturation and differentiation controlled by hormones through acting on epithelial and stromal cells
  • Estrogen: Development of ductal tissue
  • Progestrone:ductal branching and lobulo-alveolar development
  • Prolactine:Milk protein production
  • Estradiol and progestrone: breast development at puberty
  • Estrogen and Progestron: cell proliferation during luteal phase

Histological changes of breast

Histological changes of breast undergo some changes throughout aging

• Fibrocystic disease
  • Histological apperance change from predominance of ducts, lobules to fibrous change and cyst formation
  • Fibrocystic changes donot associated with breast cancer

Specific changes in period of times

• Early reproductive ages
  • Stromal hyperplasia, unilateral or bilateral macromastia
• Middle reproductive ages
  • Substantial changes in glandular breast tissue result in adenosis
  • Stromal hyperplasia may turn into ill-defined fullness areas called lumpy-bumpy consistency or firm areas which require biopsy
  • No ductalchanges
• Late reproductive period
  • Hyperplastic glandular tissue with sclerosing adenosis or lobular hyperplasia
    • Hyperplastic glandular lesions may require biopsy
  • Hyperplastic ductal tissue

Pathogenesis

• The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not completely understood.

OR

• It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
• [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
• Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
• [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
• The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
• The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.

OR

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:

• [Gene1]
• [Gene2]
• [Gene3]

OR

The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

• [Mutation 1]
• [Mutation 2]
• [Mutation 3]

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

• [Condition 1]
• [Condition 2]
• [Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].