Hepatocellular adenoma risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zahir Ali Shaikh, MD[2]
Overview
The most important risk factor in the development of haptocellular adenoma is use of oral contraceptive medications. Other risk factors include; glycogen storage diseases, familial adenomatous polyposis, klinefelters syndrome, metabolic syndrome, obesity, long term use of anabolic androgenic steroids, vascular disorders such as portal vein agenesis, budd chiari syndrome and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Hepatocellular adenoma risk factors
- The most important risk factor in the development of hepatocellular adenoma is use of oral contraceptive medications.[1]
- Drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol
- Norethindrone acetate and Ethinyl estradiol
- Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol
- Norgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol
- The risk is proportional to:[2]
- Hormonal dose
- Duration of medication
- Clomiphene
- Methyl testosterone
- Danazol
- Klinefelter's syndrome
- Types I, III and IV glycogen storage disease
- Familial adenomatous polyposis
Risk factors for malignant transformation
The risk factor for malignant transformation of hepatic adenoma to hepatocellular carcinoma is:[6]
- Gender (men)
- Size (> 8 cm)
- Subtype (beta-catenin-activated HCA)
References
- ↑ L. Rosenberg (1991). "The risk of liver neoplasia in relation to combined oral contraceptive use". Contraception. 43 (6): 643–652. PMID 1651205. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Barthelmes L, Tait IS (2005). "Liver cell adenoma and liver cell adenomatosis". HPB (Oxford). 7 (3): 186–96. doi:10.1080/13651820510028954. PMC 2023950. PMID 18333188.
- ↑ U. Beuers, W. O. Richter, M. M. Ritter, B. Wiebecke & P. Schwandt (1991). "Klinefelter's syndrome and liver adenoma". Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 13 (2): 214–216. PMID 1851773. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ N. S. Alshak, J. Cocjin, L. Podesta, R. van de Velde, L. Makowka, P. Rosenthal & S. A. Geller (1994). "Hepatocellular adenoma in glycogen storage disease type IV". Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 118 (1): 88–91. PMID 8285839. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ S. Bala, P. H. Wunsch & W. G. Ballhausen (1997). "Childhood hepatocellular adenoma in familial adenomatous polyposis: mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli gene and p53". Gastroenterology. 112 (3): 919–922. PMID 9041254. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Aamann L, Schultz N, Fallentin E, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Vogel I, Grønbæk H (2015). "[Hepatocellular adenoma - new classification and recommendations]". Ugeskr Laeger. 177 (12). PMID 25786843.