Astrocytoma other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.
Overview
Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of astrocytomas:[1]
- Astrocytomas are histologically heterogenous
- Obtaining small specimen from astrocytomas might lead to false diagnosis.
- For lesions with areas of contrast enhancement the specimen should be obtained from those areas.
- For lesions with no intra-tumor enhancement the specimen should be obtained from the center of the tumor.
Pathological findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include:[2]
- Grade 1: Cells appearance is normal and growth rate is slow.
- Grade 2: There might be some atypical cells inside tumor. Mitosis rate is relatively slow.
- Grade 3 and 4: Tumor cells are anaplastic and malignant with high mitosis rate.
Molecular findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include:
| • Stem cell • Precursor cell • Glial cell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IDH1 mutation | • 10q loss • PTEN mutation • EGFR overexpression • MDM2 overexpression | • KIAA1549-BRAF fusion • MAPK/ERK abnormalities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • p53 mutation • PDGF/PDGFRA overexpression | Primary glioblastoma grade IV | Pilocytic astrocytoma grade I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diffuse astrocytoma grade II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chr 19q loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anaplastic astocytoma grade III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10q loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glioblastoma (secondary) grade IV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Jackson RJ, Fuller GN, Abi-Said D, Lang FF, Gokaslan ZL, Shi WM, Wildrick DM, Sawaya R (July 2001). "Limitations of stereotactic biopsy in the initial management of gliomas". Neuro-oncology. 3 (3): 193–200. doi:10.1093/neuonc/3.3.193. PMC 1920616. PMID 11465400.
- ↑ Mattle, Heinrich (2017). Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 9783131364524.