Carcinoid syndrome history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Symptoms of carcinoid tumor include flushing, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, wheezing, and cough.

History

When evaluating a patient for carcinoid syndrome, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (onset, duration, and progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough past medical history review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are:

• Review of any family history of predisposing genetic disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or neurofibromatosis type 1.

Symptoms

Carcinoid Syndrome

Common symptoms of carcinoid syndrome include:

• Flushing
• Diarrhea
• Wheezing
• Abdominal cramping
• Leg edema
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations
• Weight gain
• Hirsutism
• Weakness

This constellation of symptoms is called carcinoid syndrome or (if acute) carcinoid crisis. Occasionally, hemorrhage or pressure effects of the tumor are the presenting symptoms.

Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor include:

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Facial flushing
• Rash
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Pellagra, which causes scale-like skin sores, diarrhea, and mental disturbances
• Melena
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Jaundice

Duodenal Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of duodenal carcinoid tumor due to gastrin overproduction include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Hemorrhage from multiple and recurrent peptic ulcers
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Diarrhea from hypergastrinemia

Jejunal and Ileal Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of jejunal and ileal carcinoid tumor include:

• Small intestinal obstruction

• Hemorrhage

• Intermittent crampy abdominal pain

• Weight loss

• Fatigue

• Abdominal distention

• Diarrhea

• Nausea

• Vomiting

Colorectal carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of colorectal carcinoid tumor include:

• Hemorrhage

• Abdominal pain

• Constipation

Lung Carcinoid Tumor

Common symptoms of lung carcinoid tumor include:

• Post-obstructive pneumonia
• Wheezing
• Cough

Thymic Carcinoid

Thymic carcinoid causes Cushing syndrome as a result of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion by the tumor. Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome include:

• Central obesity
• Moon face
• Diaphoresis
• Insomnia
• Decreased libido
• Impotence
• Amenorrhoea
• Infertility
• Mood disorders

References

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