The UQCC2 gene is located on the p arm of chromosome 6 in position 21.31 and spans 14,990 base pairs.[1] The gene produces a 14.9 kDa protein composed of 126 amino acids.[5][6] This protein has no homologous domains with other known proteins. It is associated with the mitochondrial nucleoid, likely located in the peripheral region.[3] This protein's distribution pattern is similar to other components of the mitochondrial nucleoid, like mtSSB and PHB1/PHB2.[7]
Function
This gene encodes a nucleoid protein localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane and sublocalized to the mitochondrial matrix.[7] The encoded protein permissively regulates insulin secretion in pancreaticbeta cells, positively regulates mitochondrial ATP production and oxygen consumption, and is involved in late skeletal muscledifferentiation through modulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity.[3] This protein is required for the assembly of the Complex III. Expression of this protein is decreased in cells with low mtDNA.[7]
Clinical Significance
In the sole recorded case, a homozygous mutation in intron 2 of the UQCC2 gene caused a splicing disruption; the patient presented with symptoms of nuclear type 7 Complex III deficiency, including neonatal lactic acidosis, renal tubulopathy, and severe intrauterine growth retardation. Additional clinical features included a dysmorphic facial appearance, delayed psychomotor development, autistic features, aggressive behavior, and mild sensorineural hearing loss.[2] Additionally, the patient had decreased levels of UQCC1.[4]
Sumitani M, Kasashima K, Ohta E, Kang D, Endo H (November 2009). "Association of a novel mitochondrial protein M19 with mitochondrial nucleoids". Journal of Biochemistry. 146 (5): 725–32. doi:10.1093/jb/mvp118. PMID19643811.
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