Merkel cell cancer pathophysiology

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Overview

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an unusual cutaneous malignancy of neuroendocrine origin.Merkel nerve endings are mechanoreceptors in the skin.Merkel cells are normal components in the basal layer of the epidermis of the skin.

Pathophysiology

Physiology

The normal physiology of merkel cells can be understood as follows:[1]

Pathogenesis

Merkel cell polyomavirus

UV radiation

Genetics

Molecular Pathogenesis

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References

  1. Halata, Zdenek; Grim, Milos; Bauman, Klaus I. (2003). "Friedrich Sigmund Merkel and his ?Merkel cell?, morphology, development, and physiology: Review and new results". The Anatomical Record. 271A (1): 225–239. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10029. ISSN 0003-276X.
  2. Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y, Moore PS (February 2008). "Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma". Science. 319 (5866): 1096–100. doi:10.1126/science.1152586. PMC 2740911. PMID 18202256.
  3. Sharp CP, Norja P, Anthony I, Bell JE, Simmonds P (February 2009). "Reactivation and mutation of newly discovered WU, KI, and Merkel cell carcinoma polyomaviruses in immunosuppressed individuals". J. Infect. Dis. 199 (3): 398–404. doi:10.1086/596062. PMID 19090778.
  4. Carter JJ, Paulson KG, Wipf GC, Miranda D, Madeleine MM, Johnson LG, Lemos BD, Lee S, Warcola AH, Iyer JG, Nghiem P, Galloway DA (November 2009). "Association of Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific antibodies with Merkel cell carcinoma". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 101 (21): 1510–22. doi:10.1093/jnci/djp332. PMC 2773184. PMID 19776382.
  5. Kassem A, Schöpflin A, Diaz C, Weyers W, Stickeler E, Werner M, Zur Hausen A (July 2008). "Frequent detection of Merkel cell polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinomas and identification of a unique deletion in the VP1 gene". Cancer Res. 68 (13): 5009–13. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0949. PMID 18593898.
  6. Schowalter RM, Pastrana DV, Pumphrey KA, Moyer AL, Buck CB (June 2010). "Merkel cell polyomavirus and two previously unknown polyomaviruses are chronically shed from human skin". Cell Host Microbe. 7 (6): 509–15. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2010.05.006. PMC 2919322. PMID 20542254.