Merkel cell cancer causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Common causes of merkel cell carcinoma include merkel cell polyomavirus, age, skin tone, exposure to sunlight and history of immunosuppression.
Cause
Merkel cell cancer is caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) infection.[1]
Common Causes
Common causes of merkel cell carcinoma may include:[2]
- Merkel cell polyomavirus
- Especially MCPvy
- Sunlight
- Ultraviolet radiation especially UVB plays an important role in the developing merkel cell carcinoma
- Skin tone
- Fair skin people are more prone to merkel cell carcinoma
- Immunosuppression: Especially patients with [3][4][5]
- HIV positive patients
- Organ transplant patients
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- Lymphoproliferative disorders
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of merkel cell carcinoma include:
- Age
- The risk increases with the age and the median age is around 65 years or above
- Location in the body from decreasing order
- Head > Upper limb > Lower Limb > and Trunk
Genetic Causes
- Merkel cell carcinoma is caused most commonly by mutation in
- TP53 gene mutations
- Retinoblastoma (RB1) gene mutations
References
- ↑ Feng, H.; Shuda, M.; Chang, Y.; Moore, P. S. (2008). "Clonal Integration of a Polyomavirus in Human Merkel Cell Carcinoma". Science. 319 (5866): 1096–100. doi:10.1126/science.1152586. PMC 2740911. PMID 18202256.
- ↑ Heath M, Jaimes N, Lemos B, Mostaghimi A, Wang LC, Peñas PF, Nghiem P (March 2008). "Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: the AEIOU features". J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 58 (3): 375–81. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.11.020. PMC 2335370. PMID 18280333.
- ↑ Clarke CA, Robbins HA, Tatalovich Z, Lynch CF, Pawlish KS, Finch JL, Hernandez BY, Fraumeni JF, Madeleine MM, Engels EA (February 2015). "Risk of merkel cell carcinoma after solid organ transplantation". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 107 (2). doi:10.1093/jnci/dju382. PMC 4311175. PMID 25575645.
- ↑ Penn I, First MR (December 1999). "Merkel's cell carcinoma in organ recipients: report of 41 cases". Transplantation. 68 (11): 1717–21. PMID 10609948.
- ↑ Engels EA, Frisch M, Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ, Miller RW (February 2002). "Merkel cell carcinoma and HIV infection". Lancet. 359 (9305): 497–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07668-7. PMID 11853800.