Horseshoe kidney surgery
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Although most of the patients doesn't require surgical intervention but it depends upon the disease process itself and its complications.
Indications
Although most of the patients doesn't require surgical intervention but it depends upon the disease process itself and its complications.
- Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either:
- The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either:
- [Indication 1]
- [Indication 2]
- [Indication 3]
Surgery
- The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.
OR
- Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].
Contraindications
References
- ↑ Pitts WR, Muecke EC (1975). "Horseshoe kidneys: a 40-year experience". J Urol. 113 (6): 743–6. PMID 1152146.
- ↑ Cussenot O, Desgrandchamps F, Ollier P, Teillac P, Le Duc A (1992). "Anatomical bases of percutaneous surgery for calculi in horseshoe kidney". Surg Radiol Anat. 14 (3): 209–13. PMID 1440184.