Warthin's tumor pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2] Nazia Fuad M.D.
Overview
Warthin's tumor arises from salivary gland epithelium, which are secretory cells of the salivary gland. On gross pathology, cystic and multicentric appearance are characteristic findings of Warthin's tumor. On microscopic histopathological analysis, papillae, fibrous capsule, and cystic spaces are characteristic findings of Warthin's tumor.
Pathophysiology
Physiology
The normal physiology of [name of process] can be understood as follows:
Pathogenesis
- The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not completely understood
Genetics
- Expression of CRTC1 - MAML2 chimeric genes through t(11;19)(q21;p13) translocation is involved in the pathogenesis of Warthin's tumor.
Gross Pathology
Warthin's tumor is often multicentric (20%) and is usually small (1-4 cm). It has typically heterogeneous appearance on all modalities, often with cystic components (30%). Other features include:[1][2]
- Encapsulated
- Lobulated with inter spread heamorrhagic and pale gray surface areas
Microscopic Pathology
The appearance of this tumor under the microscope is unique. Following features can be observed on microscopic picture
- There are cystic spaces surrounded by two uniform rows of cells with centrally placed pyknotic nuclei.[3]
- The cystic spaces have epithelium referred to as papillary infoldings that protude into them. Additionally, the epithelium has lymphoid stroma with germinal center formation.
- Papillae (nipple-shaped structures) with a two rows of pink (eosinophilic) epithelial cells (with cuboidal basal cells and columnar luminal cells) - key feature
- Fibrous capsule - pink & homogenous on H&E stain
- Cystic space filled with debris in situ (not necrosis)
- Lymphoid stroma
- Additionally, the epithelium has lymphoid stroma with germinal center formation.
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References
- ↑ Blake, Michael (2009). Adrenal imaging. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. ISBN 193411586X.
- ↑ "Radiopedia 2015 Warthin tumor [Dr Henry Knipe and A.Prof Frank Gaillard]".
- ↑ Ellis, Gary L.; Auclair, Paul L. (2009). "Salivary Glands": 246–294. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-3966-2.00011-4.