Appendix cancer historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Appendix cancer was first described in the published literature by Sir George Thos. Beatson, an English surgeon, in 1913.[1]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
Appendectomy
Anesthesia
Surgical
Sterilization
Chemotherapy
Traditional 5 FU and new chemotherapy agents
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy ,
Octereotide analogs
Imaging study developments
Future horizons
- Genetic studies revolutionized cancer treatment; appendix cancer is not an exception.
- Traditionally appandiceal cancers were approached the same as colorectal cancers. Recent genetic studies demonstrated that appendiceal tumors are clearly differ from colorectal cancers.[2]
- Presence of mutated TP53 and APC genes were significantly lower in appendiceal cancers compared to colorectal cancers.
- It has been shown that mutation profiles are associated with the patients’ prognosis. [3]
- Mutations in the TP53 significantly decrease life expectancy in patients with appendix cancer.
- Regardless of tumor grade, Tp 53 mutations were associated with poorer outcomes.
- Patients with GNAS mutations had a life expectancy of 10 years after diagnosis.
- Appendiceal tumors with GNAS mutations rarely develop into high-grade tumors.
Famous Cases
The following are a few famous cases of appendix cancer:
- Celebrated actress, Audrey Hepburn was the most famous victims of appendix cancer, she passed away in 1993.[4]
- Stuart Scott, ESPN sportscast anchor was diagnosed with appendix cancer in 2007 and died 8 years later in 2015.[5]
References
- ↑ Beatson GT (1913) Note on a Case of Carcinoma of the Vermiform Appendix in a Girl, Aged 20 Years. Glasgow Med J 80 (6):418-422. PMID: 30435413
- ↑ Levine EA, Blazer DG, Kim MK, Shen P, Stewart JH, Guy C; et al. (2012). "Gene expression profiling of peritoneal metastases from appendiceal and colon cancer demonstrates unique biologic signatures and predicts patient outcomes". J Am Coll Surg. 214 (4): 599–606, discussion 606-7. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.028. PMC 3768122. PMID 22342786.
- ↑ Levine EA, Votanopoulos KI, Qasem SA, Philip J, Cummins KA, Chou JW; et al. (2016). "Prognostic Molecular Subtypes of Low-Grade Cancer of the Appendix". J Am Coll Surg. 222 (4): 493–503. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.012. PMC 4808611. PMID 26821970.
- ↑ "Audrey Hepburn Appendix Cancer".
- ↑ "Stuart Scott's Battle With Cancer".
- ↑ "Stuart Scott, ESPN's Voice of Exuberance, Dies at 49 - The New York Times".